Ingredients (INCI declaration of the ingredients):

Aqua, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Alcohol, Glycerin, Urea, Lecithin, D-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate, Panthenol, D-Mixed Tocopherols, Retinyl Palmitate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Biotin, Proline, Lactic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate, Cyanocobalamin, Allantoin, Citric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide

Further explanations of the ingredients:

Aqua:
Water. It makes up approximately 65% ​​of the weight of the human body and is therefore essential for bodily functions, including those of the skin. In many cosmetic products (aqueous solutions, cleansers, emulsions), water is the ingredient with the largest proportion of the formulation and forms the basis of the aqueous phase in emulsions. Water is a good solvent for polar (hydrophilic) substances such as alcohols, water-soluble vitamins, or salts. For use in cosmetic products, the water used is generally pre-treated to remove microorganisms that could lead to product spoilage or dissolved salts that might impair the stability of emulsions or gels (sterilization and desalination).

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride:
Vegetable neutral oil (triglyceride) with short-chain fatty acids. Has moisturizing properties.

Alcohol:
Ethyl alcohol: Biocompatible. Has a refreshing and antibacterial effect. Also serves as a solvent for other ingredients. Contrary to other claims, there is no risk of a drying effect on the skin at normal concentrations!

Glycerin:
Body-identical, a component of the natural moisturizing factor and lipids/triglycerides. Improves skin hydration, influences the consistency and texture of cosmetic products, and has antimicrobial properties.

Urea:
Water-soluble urea is used in numerous cosmetic products. Urea is a component of the natural moisturizing factors in the stratum corneum (content between 7% and 12%; up to half that in chronically dry skin) and has a high water-binding capacity. It contributes to sustained skin hydration and reduces transepidermal water loss. Urea has a keratoplastic effect, and at higher concentrations, a keratolytic effect, and is therefore also used in the care of skin affected by psoriasis or atopic dermatitis (eczema). Furthermore, urea is able to reduce the irritating potential of surfactants.

Lecithin:
Lecithin is an important component of all cell membranes. It can form liposomes. These liposomes can significantly increase the skin's moisture content, transport skin-friendly vitamins into the skin, and, due to their polyunsaturated fatty acid content, combat acne. Furthermore, lecithin acts as a natural emulsifier of plant origin and supports the skin's natural lipid barrier, smoothing and retaining moisture. Lecithin (and) D-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate (and) Retinyl Palmitate is the correct declaration for nanosomes loaded with natural vitamin E and vitamin A. Nanosomes can transport fat-soluble substances into the skin.

D-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate:
Natural vitamin E acetate; storage form in the skin, converted into the active form by breaking the acetate bond; antioxidant with skin-protecting properties, e.g., against UV radiation, moisturizing, delays premature skin aging

Panthenol:
D-Panthenol (Provitamin B5): Improves and increases the skin's moisture retention, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and soothes or inhibits itching. It stimulates epithelialization, allowing minor wounds (such as shaving), abrasions, and blisters to heal more quickly. It also promotes skin regeneration and combats cracked and brittle skin. When used in hair care products, it is not only deposited on the hair and scalp but also penetrates them, providing long-lasting effects. Since pantothenic acid is an important component of healthy hair, scientific studies have shown that its precursor, D-Panthenol, acts as "food for the hair." It provides long-lasting moisture, improves manageability, reduces split ends, improves the condition of damaged hair, thickens hair, and adds shine. It also reduces fingernail brittleness.

D-Mixed Tocopherols:
This is the name given to a mixture of natural tocopherols (vitamin E; D-alpha, beta, gamma and delta tocopherol). Vitamin E is the most important skin-protecting vitamin, shielding the skin from UV rays and free radicals.

Retinyl Palmitate:
It is the storage form of vitamin A, which is converted into free vitamin A in the skin. It stimulates cell division and therefore has a strong regenerative effect, especially on prematurely aged skin and with prolonged use. Studies have even demonstrated an increase in the skin's collagen content, a slight reduction in wrinkles, and an increase in skin elasticity.

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate:
Highly effective antioxidant and vitamin C booster for the skinVitamin C is stored as a phosphate ester. It is a water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties. It counteracts cell-damaging free radicals, protects unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation, and is essential for the formation of collagen and thus all connective tissue, as well as for the function of the immune system. Together with vitamin E, it is very effective in preventing the formation of nitrosamines.

Biotin:
D-Biotin = Vitamin H: Water-soluble vitamin for normal skin and hair function, used as a preventive measure against baldness and to strengthen hair growth.

Proline:
L-Proline, sodium salt of pyrrolidine carboxylic acid, an amino acid, is one of the most important natural moisturizing factors on the skin; it is produced synthetically.

Lactic Acid:
Lactic acid. Occurs as a metabolic product in the body and on the skin; in higher concentrations and at a low pH value of 2 to 3, it has an exfoliating effect on the stratum corneum; in buffered form (physiological pH value of the skin approx. 5.5), it supports the moisture content and preserves the skin's acid mantle.

Sodium Hyaluronate:
Sodium salt of hyaluronic acid. A natural moisturizer with skin-smoothing properties, an important natural component of the lower layers of the skin (dermis). Formerly extracted from rooster combs, it is now produced biotechnologically in improved quality.

Cyanocobalamin:
Vitamin B12: A vitamin that can only be produced by bacteria, used in skincare to regulate skin irritations, produced biotechnologically.

Allantoin:
Allantoin is a naturally occurring, water-soluble substance chemically related to urea. It is found in various plants, but for cosmetic use, it is now produced synthetically. Its most important property is the stimulation of cell regeneration. It promotes collagen production, skin regeneration and wound healing, stimulates desquamation, smooths the skin, and can have a soothing effect on atopic dermatitis.

Citric Acid:
Citric acid. A biotechnologically produced, bioidentical active ingredient. It occurs naturally in the human body and is also found in low concentrations on the skin. It protects the skin from oxidative stress, supports the product protection provided by antioxidants, and regulates the product's pH value.

Sodium Hydroxide:
Sodium hydroxide. Used to adjust the pH of cosmetic products. Sodium and hydroxide ions are identical to those found in the body.